This is a complete particle list of every particle in the Japanese language organized in roman alphabetical order, labeled by JLPT level.
Japanese particles, 助詞 (joshi), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence.
Some are similar to prepositions in English, though there is a wide variety of different uses and meanings.
Click on any of the links in the list for a full lesson with more detailed grammar information & examples of each particle.
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Japanese Particles Complete Study Guide
| # | Romaji | Japanese | Grammar Meaning | Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ba | ば | conditional form; If [A] then [B] | N4 |
| 2 | ba ii | ばいい | should, can, it’d be good if ~ | N3 |
| 3 | ba~hodo | ば～ほど | the more… the more | N3 |
| 4 | ba~noni | ば～のに | would have; should have; if only ~ | N3 |
| 5 | bakari | ばかり | about, approximately ~ | N2 |
| 6 | bakari | ばかり | only; nothing but ~ | N4 |
| 7 | bakari ka | ばかりか | not only... but also; as well as ~ | N2 |
| 8 | dake | だけ | only; just; as much as~ | N5 |
| 9 | dani / dani shinai | だに / だにしない | even; not even ~ | N1 |
| 10 | dano~dano | だの～だの | and; and the like; and so forth ~ | N1 |
| 11 | demo | でも | ... or something; how about~ | N4 |
| 12 | dokoro ka | どころか | far from; anything but; let alone; not to mention; much less ~ | N2 |
| 13 | ga | が | subject marker; however; but ~ | N5 |
| 14 | ga hayai ka | が早いか【がはやいか】 | no sooner than; as soon as ~ | N1 |
| 15 | hodo | ほど | degree; extent; bounds; upper limit | N3 |
| 16 | hodo~nai | ほど～ない | is not as… as ~ | N3 |
| 17 | ikura~temo | いくら～ても | no matter how ~ | N3 |
| 18 | ka | か | question particle | N5 |
| 19 | ka shira | かしら | I wonder~ | N4 |
| 20 | ka~ka | か～か | or | N5 |
| 21 | ka~nai ka no uchi ni | か～ないかのうちに | just as; right after; as soon as ~ | N2 |
| 22 | kai | かい | turns a sentence into a yes/no question | N4 |
| 23 | kana | かな | I wonder; should I? | N4 |
| 24 | kara | から | because; since; from | N5 |
| 25 | kara~ni kakete | から〜にかけて | through; from [A] to [B] | N3 |
| 26 | kedo | けど | but; however; although ~ | N5 |
| 27 | keredo mo | けれども | but; however; although ~ | N5 |
| 28 | kiri | きり | only; just; since; after ~ | N3 |
| 29 | kke | っけ | a casual suffix to confirm something you are trying to remember | N3 |
| | ||||
| 30 | koso | こそ | for sure (emphasize preceding word); precisely; definitely ~ | N3 |
| 31 | koso are | こそあれ | although; even though ~ | N1 |
| 32 | koso sure | こそすれ | and; although; but ~ | N1 |
| 33 | koso~ga/keredo | こそ「～が・けれど」 | but; although (emphasis) | N1 |
| 34 | koto | こと | (must) do | N3 |
| 35 | kurai / gurai | くらい・ぐらい | approximately; about; around; to the extent ~ | N3 |
| 36 | kuse ni | くせに | and yet; although; despite the fact that ~ | N3 |
| 37 | made | まで | until; as far as; to (an extent); even ~ | N5 |
| 38 | mo | も | as many as; as much as; up to; nearly ~ | N4 |
| 39 | mo | も | too; also; as well | N5 |
| 40 | mo~ba~mo | も～ば～も | and; also; as well; either/or; neither/nor | N3 |
| 41 | mono / mon | もの / もん | because; indicates reason/ excuse/ dissatisfaction | N2 |
| 42 | mono de | もので | because; for that reason | N1 |
| 43 | mono ka / mon ka | ものか / もんか | as if (something untrue were actually true); there's no way ~ | N2 |
| 44 | monono | ものの | but; although; even though ~ | N2 |
| 45 | moshimo~tara | もしも〜たら | if; in the case; supposing ~ | N3 |
| 46 | na | な | don’t ~ (order somebody to not do something) | N4 |
| 47 | naa | なあ | sentence ending particle; confirmation; admiration, etc | N5 |
| 48 | nado | など | such as, things like ~ | N4 |
| 49 | nagara | ながら | while; during; as; simultaneously | N4 |
| 50 | nagara mo | ながらも | but; although; despite ~ | N3 |
| 51 | nanka / nante / nado | なんか / なんて / など | give examples; show modesty; make light of ~ | N3 |
| 52 | nara | なら | if; in the case that ~ | N4 |
| 53 | nari | なり | as soon as; right after ~ | N1 |
| 54 | nari tomo | なりとも | at least; even just a little (adverbial particle) | N1 |
| 55 | nari~nari | なり～なり | [A] or [B] or something; for instance ~ | N1 |
| 56 | ndesu | んです | to explain something; show emphasis | N5 |
| 57 | ne | ね | isn't it? right? eh? | N5 |
| 58 | ni | に | destination particle; in; at; on; to | N5 |
| 59 | ni | に | and; in addition to; the combination of ~ | N1 |
| | ||||
| 60 | ni shite mo | にしても | even if; even though; regardless of ~ | N3 |
| 61 | ni shite wa | にしては | for; considering it’s (something or someone) | N3 |
| 62 | ni totte | にとって | to; for; concerning; as far as ... is concerned; regarding ~ | N3 |
| 63 | ni tsuite | について | concerning; regarding; about; on ~ | N3 |
| 64 | ni wa | には | for the purpose of; in order to ~ | N3 |
| 65 | ni/e | に/へ | to (indicates direction / destination) | N5 |
| 66 | nite | にて | in, at, with, by (formal particle) | N2 |
| 67 | no | の | possessive particle | N5 |
| 68 | no desu | のです | to explain something; show emphasis | N5 |
| 69 | no yara~no yara | のやら～のやら | or ~ (I don't know) | N1 |
| 70 | node | ので | because of; given that; since | N5 |
| 71 | nomi | のみ | only; nothing but | N2 |
| 72 | noni | のに | although, in spite of, even though ~ | N4 |
| 73 | noni | のに | to (do something); in order to ~ | N4 |
| 74 | nowa~da | のは〜だ | [A] is [B]; the reason for [A] is [B] | N4 |
| 75 | o / go | お / ご | polite marker; honorific prefix particle | N5 |
| 76 | o / wo | を | object marker particle | N5 |
| 77 | sa | さ | ending particle; indicates assertion | N1 |
| 78 | sae | さえ | even; so much as; not even | N3 |
| 79 | sae~ba | さえ～ば | if only; as long as | N3 |
| 80 | shi | し | and; and what’s more ~ (emphasis) | N4 |
| 81 | shikanai | しかない | have no choice but ~ | N3 |
| 82 | sura / de sura | すら / ですら | even ~ (with emphasis) | N1 |
| 83 | suuryou + wa | 数量 + は【すうりょう + は】 | at least ~ | N3 |
| 84 | ta bakari | たばかり | just finished; something just occurred | N4 |
| 85 | ta mono da | たものだ | used to do; would often do | N3 |
| 86 | tada~nomi da | ただ～のみだ | all we can do is; can do nothing but; only ~ | N1 |
| 87 | tara | たら | if; after; when ~ | N4 |
| 88 | tara saigo / taga saigo | たら最後 / たが最後【たらさいご / たがさいご】 | if you do... negative result | N1 |
| 89 | tara~tade | たら～たで | if / in the case... of course / should ~ | N1 |
| | ||||
| 90 | tara~tokoro da | たら～ところだ | if... (counterfactual condition), then would be ~ | N1 |
| 91 | tari~tari | たり～たり | do such things as A and B | N5 |
| 92 | tatte | たって | even if; even though; no matter how ~ | N3 |
| 93 | te / de | て / で | conjunctive particle; so; because of [A], [B]... | N4 |
| 94 | temo | ても | even; even if; even though ~ | N4 |
| 95 | tewa / dewa | ては / では | whenever; if; when~; repetitive action | N2 |
| 96 | tewa~tewa | ては～ては | repetitive situations/actions | N2 |
| 97 | to | と | whenever [A] happens, [B] also happens | N4 |
| 98 | to | と | and; with; as; connecting particle | N5 |
| 99 | to ii / tara ii | といい / たらいい | it would be nice if; should; I hope ~ | N3 |
| 100 | to iu | という | called; named; that ~ | N4 |
Total Japanese Particles Lessons (125)
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