Complete Japanese Particles List

Complete Japanese Particles List

Written by Cruise Bogedin

This is a complete particle list of every particle in the Japanese language organized in roman alphabetical order, labeled by JLPT level.

Japanese particles, 助詞 (joshi), are suffixes or short words in Japanese grammar that immediately follow the modified noun, verb, adjective, or sentence.

Some are similar to prepositions in English, though there is a wide variety of different uses and meanings.

Click on any of the links in the list for a full lesson with more detailed grammar information & examples of each particle.

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Japanese Particles Complete Study Guide

#RomajiJapaneseGrammar MeaningLevel
1 ba conditional form; If [A] then [B] N4
2 ba ii should; can; it’d be good if ~ N3
3 ba~hodo the more… the more ~ N3
4 ba~noni would have; should have; if only ~ N3
5 bakari about, approximately ~ N2
6 bakari only; nothing but ~ N4
7 bakari ka not only... but also; as well as ~ N2
8 dake only; just; as much as ~ N5
9 dani / dani shinai even; not even ~ N1
10 dano~dano and; and the like; and so forth ~ N1
11 demo ... or something; how about~ N4
12 dokoro ka far from; anything but; let alone; not to mention; much less ~ N2
13 ga subject marker; however; but ~ N5
14 ga hayai ka no sooner than; as soon as ~ N1
15 hodo degree; extent; bounds; upper limit N3
16 hodo~nai is not as… as ~ N3
17 ikura~temo no matter how ~ N3
18 ka question particle N5
19 ka shira I wonder (feminine) N4
20 ka~ka or N5
21 ka~nai ka no uchi ni just as; right after; as soon as ~ N2
22 kai turns a sentence into a yes/no question N4
23 kana I wonder; should I? N4
24 kara because; since; from N5
25 kara~ni kakete through; from [A] to [B] N3
26 kedo but; however; although ~ N5
27 keredo mo but; however; although ~ N5
28 kiri only; just; since; after ~ N3
29 kke a casual suffix to confirm something you are trying to remember N3
30 koso for sure (emphasize preceding word); precisely; definitely ~ N3
31 koso are although; even though ~ N1
32 koso sure and; although; but ~ N1
33 koso~ga/keredo but; although (emphasis) N1
34 koto (must) do N3
35 kurai / gurai approximately; about; around; to the extent ~ N3
36 kuse ni and yet; although; despite the fact that ~ N3
37 made until; as far as; to (an extent); even ~ N5
38 mo as many as; as much as; up to; nearly ~ N4
39 mo too; also; as well N5
40 mo~ba~mo and; also; as well; either/or; neither/nor N3
41 mono / mon because; indicates reason/ excuse/ dissatisfaction N2
42 mono de because; for that reason N1
43 mono ka / mon ka as if (something untrue were actually true); there's no way ~ N2
44 monono but; although; even though ~ N2
45 moshimo~tara if; in the case; supposing ~ N3
46 na don’t ~ (order somebody to not do something) N4
47 naa sentence ending particle; confirmation; admiration, etc N5
48 nado such as; things like ~ N4
49 nagara while; during; as; simultaneously N4
50 nagara mo but; although; despite ~ N3
51 nanka / nante / nado give examples; show modesty; make light of ~ N3
52 nara if; in the case that ~ N4
53 nari as soon as; right after ~ N1
54 nari tomo at least; even just a little (adverbial particle) N1
55 nari~nari [A] or [B] or something; for instance ~ N1
56 ndesu to explain something; show emphasis N5
57 ne isn't it? right? eh? N5
58 ni destination particle; in; at; on; to N5
59 ni and; in addition to; the combination of ~ N1
60 ni shite mo even if; even though; regardless of ~ N3
61 ni shite wa for; considering it’s (something or someone) N3
62 ni totte to; for; concerning; as far as ... is concerned; regarding ~ N3
63 ni tsuite concerning; regarding; about; on ~ N3
64 ni wa for the purpose of; in order to ~ N3
65 ni/e to (indicates direction / destination) N5
66 nite in, at, with, by (formal particle) N2
67 no possessive particle N5
68 no desu to explain something; show emphasis N5
69 no yara~no yara or ~ (I don't know) N1
70 node because of; given that; since ~ N5
71 nomi only; nothing but​ N2
72 noni although, in spite of, even though ~ N4
73 noni to (do something); in order to ~ N4
74 nowa~da [A] is [B]; the reason for [A] is [B] N4
75 o / go polite marker; honorific prefix particle N5
76 o / wo object marker particle N5
77 sa ending particle; indicates assertion N1
78 sae even; so much as; not even N3
79 sae~ba if only; as long as ~ N3
80 shi and; and what’s more ~ (emphasis) N4
81 shikanai have no choice but ~ N3
82 sura / de sura even ~ (with emphasis) N1
83 suuryou + wa at least ~ N3
84 ta bakari just finished; something just occurred N4
85 ta mono da used to do; would often do N3
86 tada~nomi da all we can do is; can do nothing but; only ~ N1
87 tara if; after; when ~ N4
88 tara saigo / taga saigo if you do... negative result N1
89 tara~tade if / in the case... of course / should ~ N1
90 tara~tokoro da if... (counterfactual condition), then would be ~ N1
91 tari~tari do such things as A and B N5
92 tatte even if; even though; no matter how ~ N3
93 te / de conjunctive particle; so; because of [A], [B]... N4
94 temo even; even if; even though ~ N4
95 tewa / dewa whenever; if; when~; repetitive action N2
96 tewa~tewa repetitive situations/actions N2
97 to whenever [A] happens, [B] also happens N4
98 to and; with; as; connecting particle N5
99 to ii / tara ii it would be nice if; should; I hope ~ N3
100 to iu called; named; that ~ N4

Total Japanese Particles Lessons (125)

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*NOTE* Officially, there are no kanji, vocabulary, or grammar lists for the JLPT. As a result, it is not possible to be certain which kanji, words, or grammar will or will not appear in a given test. Our study lists are based on prior test data and comparisons with other available lists of JLPT kanji, vocabulary, grammar, etc.

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